Trazabilidad metrológica de un estándar secundario a un estándar primario de ciclosporina para pruebas de biodisponibilidad / Metrological traceability of a secondary standard to a primary cyclosporine standard for biodability tests

INTRODUCCIÓN: el proceso de trazabilidad metrológica de un estándar secundario a uno primario es una propiedad del resultado de una medición o del valor de un estándar, por la cual se puede relacionar a referencias establecidas, usualmente nacionales o internacionales, a través de una cadena ininterrumpida de comparaciones, todas las cuales tienen incertidumbres determinadas. OBJETIVO: realizar la trazabilidad de un estándar secundario a uno primario de ciclosporina y de esta manera asegurar la calidad y pureza del mismo. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron los siguientes métodos: descripción organoléptica, solubilidad, identificación y cuantificación por Cromatografía Líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) en fase reversa. RESULTADOS: el estándar secundario de ciclosporina, cumplió con todas las especificaciones referidas a descripción organoléptica, solubilidad, identificación y se obtuvo una pureza de 97,5% utilizando un estándar primario cuyo título es de 98,5 %. CONCLUSIÓN: se realizó la trazabilidad metrológica de un estándar secundario a un estándar primario para poder utilizarlo como estándar de trabajo, garantizando el título del mismo. Esta propiedad es uno de los pilares para que los resultados de medida sean comparables entre sí, independientemente del lugar y tiempo en el que se hayan realizado, facilitando su aceptación universal y reduciendo las potenciales barreras técnicas al comercio.

INTRODUCTION: the metrological traceability process from a secondary standard to a primary one is a property of the result of a measurement or the value of a standard, by which it can be related to established references, usually national or international, through an uninterrupted chain of comparisons, all of which have certain uncertainties. OBJECTIVE: to carry out the traceability of a secondary standard to a primary one of cyclosporine and in this way to ensure its quality and purity. METHODS: the following methods were used: organoleptic description, solubility, identification and quantification by reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatogra- phy (HPLC). RESULTS: the secondary cyclosporine standard met all the specifications referred to organoleptic description, solubility, identification and a purity of 97.5% was obtained using a primary standard whose titer is 98.5%. CONCLUSION: the metrological traceability of a secondary standard to a primary standard was carried out in order to be able to use it as a working standard, guaranteeing its title. This property is one of the pillars for the measurement results to be comparable with each other, regardless of the place and time in which they have been carried out, facilitating their universal acceptance and reducing potential technical barriers to trade.

Prevalencia de la endometriosis en mujeres sometidas a esterilización quirúrgica laparoscópica en un hospital de Santiago de Chile / Prevalence of endometriosis in 287 women undergoing surgical sterilization in Santiago Chile

Background: The clinical manifestations of endometriosis are infertility, dysmenorrhea, sexuality disturbances, and chronic pelvic pain. It is the cause of 30 to 50% of infertility cases. In developed countries, the prevalence of endometriosis among women undergoing surgical sterilization is approximately 6%. Aim: To determine the prevalence of endometriosis among women with proven fertility in Santiago de Chile. Material and Methods: Review of surgical protocols of 287 women aged 25 to 49 years, subjected to a surgical sterilization between 2007 and 2011. Results: Endometriosis was found in 14 of the 287 women (4.9%). In spite of being asymptomatic, five of the 14 women with endometriosis were classified as severe, due to the presence of at least one endometrioma. In order of frequency, the most commonly affected anatomical sites were the ovary, the peritoneum, the posterior cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments. Conclusions: Our findings are very similar to those found elsewhere and suggest that fertile women could better tolerate endometriosis than their infertile counterparts.

Brote de triquinosis en la comuna de Purranque X Región, Chile: octubre/noviembre 1992 / Outbreak of trichinosis in Purranque county X Region, Chile: october/november 1992

An outbreak of trichinosis occurred in Purranque county, X Region, Chile, between october and november of 1992, which involved 36 persons. The incubation period, determinated by the clinical picture and laboratory assays, fluctuated between 10 and 12 days, myalgias (88,9 for percent) and palpebral oedema (86,1 por percent) were the most important symptoms, followed by fever (44,4 for percent) and headache (33,3 for percent). Eosinophils count ranged from two to 42 for percent the first week, and this value raised to 55 for percent the second week of the outbreak. Anti-trichinella spiralis antibodies were determinated by some serological tests such as: precipitin test (PT), bentonite flocculation test (BFT) and indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) in sera IHAT (21,4 for percent) and BFT (3,6 for percent). After 15 days, the three tests were perfomed in sera from 12 patients. At that time, the positivity was elevated in all of them: PT (100,0 for percent), BFT (66,7 for percent) and IHAT (91,7 for percent). It is believed that the outbreak had its origin in infected pork meat that was consumed raw or insufficiently cooked without a previous veterinary inspection